Period: 509-27 BC
The Roman Republic was the era of ancient Rome before the establishment of the Roman Empire. It began traditionally in 509 BC with the overthrow of the Roman monarchy and lasted until the formation of the Roman Empire in 27 BC.
During the Roman Republic, Rome was governed by a complex system of checks and balances, including a Senate and various elected magistrates. It expanded its territories through military conquests and established a powerful and influential presence in the Mediterranean.
Key events during the Roman Republic include the Punic Wars with Carthage, the conquest of Greece and other territories, and the political struggles between the patrician and plebeian classes. It was also marked by the rise of military commanders like Julius Caesar and Pompey.