Clwyedd
Clwyd is a historic region in northeastern Wales, bordering England to the east. The name “Clwyd” is derived from the River Clwyd, which flows through the region.
Clwyd | 0 to the 9th century AD
The historical records for the region now known as Clwyd during this period are limited, and much of what is known is based on archaeological evidence, place-name studies, and broader historical contexts. The area that now encompasses Clwyd was part of the broader region of Wales, inhabited by various Celtic peoples.
Roman Period | 1st – 5th centuries
During the Roman occupation of Britain, which began in the first century AD, the region was part of the province of Britannia. Roman influence is evident in the presence of roads and fortifications. Places like the Roman fort of Canovium near modern-day Conwy and others along the northern Welsh coast played a role in Roman military strategy.
Post-Roman and Early Medieval Periods | 5th – 9th centuries
The withdrawal of Roman forces from Britain in the early fifth century marked the beginning of a period often referred to as the Dark Ages. This era was characterized by the migration and settlement of various groups, including the arrival of Celtic-speaking peoples. Germanic and other Celtic tribes began to settle in various parts of Britain, and the Welsh region was no exception.
By the later part of the fifth century, the Kingdom of Gwynedd had emerged as one of the dominant powers in the region, encompassing much of what is now northwestern Wales, including Clwyd. The rulers of Gwynedd claimed descent from Cunedda, a legendary figure who migrated from the north to Wales and established a dynasty.
The early medieval era in Wales is associated with the emergence of independent kingdoms, often ruled by local chieftains, often referred to as petty kings or princes. Clwyd, like other regions in Wales, likely saw the establishment of early Welsh kingdoms and the development of local governance structure. The political landscape was characterized by the presence of several small kingdoms or territories.
Christianity and Monasticism | 5th century onward
The spread of Christianity in Wales is associated with this period. Monastic communities, including those established by saints such as Saint Kentigern, played a role in shaping the religious landscape.
Anglo-Saxon and Viking Incursions | 7th – 9th centuries
During the seventh to ninth centuries, the influence of Anglo-Saxon and Viking incursions impacted various parts of Britain, including Wales. Wales, due to its geographical location, experienced interactions with both Anglo-Saxon kingdoms to the east and Viking raids along the coast. The specifics of these interactions varied across the regions.
Wales and the Kingdom of Powys
The region that includes Clwyd was likely part of the early Welsh Kingdom of Powys, which emerged as one of the significant political entities in Wales during this period.
Note
In 1996, the administrative boundaries in Wales were reorganized, and the county of Clwyd was abolished.
See also
Hueil | The Legend of King Arthur
Penbedw | The Legend of King Arthur