Herefordshire is a county located in the West Midlands region of England. It is bordered by Shropshire, Worcestershire, Gloucestershire, and the Welsh counties of Monmouthshire and Powys. The River Wye runs through the county.
Herefordshire | 0 to the 9th century AD
Roman Period | 1st – 5th centuries
Herefordshire, situated in the western part of Roman Britannia, experienced Roman occupation. The Romans established settlements and infrastructure, and the town of Magnis (Kenchester) was an important Roman center in the region.
Anglo-Saxon Settlement | 5th – 9th centuries
With the decline of Roman influence and the withdrawal of Roman legions in the early fifth century, Anglo-Saxon tribes migrated to and settled in various parts of England, including Herefordshire. The area became part of the Kingdom of Mercia, one of the powerful Anglo-Saxon kingdoms.
Kingdom of Mercia
Herefordshire was within the territory of Mercia, and the kingdom’s influence extended across much of the Midlands. The Kingdom of Mercia played a significant role in the political and cultural landscape of England during the early medieval period.
Christianization
During the seventh century, Christianity began to spread in the region. Monasteries and churches were established, contributing to the Christianization of Herefordshire.
Viking Raids | 8th – 9th centuries
Like many areas in England, Herefordshire experienced Viking raids during the eighth and ninth centuries. The Vikings targeted monasteries and settlements along rivers. These raids had a significant impact on the local population and the socio-political landscape.
Battle of Buttingdon
In the late eighth century, the Battle of Buttingdon is mention in historical sources. The battle is associated with Offa, the powerful king of Mercia, and his conflict with Cynewulf, the king of Wessex. The exact location of Buttington is debated, with some suggesting it could be in Herefordshire.